In manufacturing
industries, especially in iron and steel industries, coke oven plant is an
integral part. Coke oven is nothing but a heating device used to produce coke
from coal. Coke is a modified form of coal with high carbon content and less
impurities. The temperature used to make coke in the device ranges from 1000
degree Celsius to 2000 degree Celsius. The gas produced by this heating process
is the coke oven gas. The gas which is produced from the coke oven plant can be
of extreme economic importance as r several by products can be available from proper
treatment of this gas.
Coal when heated
to produce coke, the volatile matters in coal evaporates. These volatile
matters take off from the coke oven chamber as a hot gas – coke oven gas. This
gas after cooling creates a condensation liquid and gas. The coke oven by product plant collects
this semi-liquid semi –gas product to make number of coal chemicals which are
of great importance. The coke oven gas after being treated can be used as fuel
gas. The major use of the coke oven gas is in the form of fuel gas and it is
extensively used.
The major steps in the processing of coke oven
gas include cooling, tar precipitation, ammonia removal, exhausting process
etc. First the gas is passed through the primary cooler which cools down the
gas to form a condensation. There are various processes and devices available
for this cooling and each of them has its own merits and demerits. In some
cases cooling tower is also used to cool down the gas. The second step is
getting the tar precipitator which starts automatically after the initial
cooling. Then the gas is passed through the coke oven battery with the help of
a large blower called exhauster. Next is the ammonia removal process which is
done by spraying sulfuric acid into the gas to form ammonium sulfate and thus
ammonia is removed. Now the gas undergoes final cooling process to remove heat
it has received from the exhauster. After that several products like naphthalene,
light oil is manufactured from this gas.
Coke oven gas is
of extreme importance because of it’s by products. The tar produced in this
cooling process is used in many chemical processes. Naphthalene is also useful
for some purpose. There are many other products manufactured from the coke oven
gas by little treatment with these products. Now-a-days the production of those
by products has reduced to a great extent as these products can also be
produced from petroleum in lesser cost so now the major use of this gas is as
fuel gas. Bengal Tools Ltd. is one
of the fastest growing companies offering end-to-end solutions to coal handling plants.
